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His whole conduct in Ireland was seen as desertion and cowardice. Having faced a harsh tribunal and imprisonment on this his own dignity was insulted. He was of an old and noble house and to Essex, Elizabeth was an upstart. He was her toy boy and she treated him like one. She may have shown him too much affection but he got ideas above his station. Essex wanted Elizabeth and he wanted power, to rule her. She often dismissed him. Now he raised an army, well a small force against her and marched on her capital and palace. He was armed as were the men with him and fire was exchanged. He hoped to incite the people but they broke into a wine cellar and that was the end of his rebellion. Essex would be captured, surrounded, disarmed, arrested and tried for treason and executed. I don’t think Elizabeth could have forgiven Essex for treason, even if she forgave his behaviour in her palace. Lawson, Philip (1993). The East India Company: A History. London: Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-07386-9. Archived from the original on 12 November 2014 . Retrieved 11 November 2014. In addition, the company had its own navy, the Bombay Marine, equipped with warships such as Grappler. These vessels often accompanied vessels of the Royal Navy on expeditions, such as the Invasion of Java. Upon which assurance of your royal love I have given my general command to all the kingdoms and ports of my dominions to receive all the merchants of the English nation as the subjects of my friend; that in what place soever they choose to live, they may have free liberty without any restraint; and at what port soever they shall arrive, that neither Portugal nor any other shall dare to molest their quiet; and in what city soever they shall have residence, I have commanded all my governors and captains to give them freedom answerable to their own desires; to sell, buy, and to transport into their country at their pleasure.
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Sir Walter Raleigh held a tin monopoly out of Cornwall.(It's mentioned in the referenced link) Others held tin monopolies in other regions. Edward Hoby had a wool monopoly. Monopolies were granted for salt, tin, wool, finished cloth, fish, oil, vinegar, various spices, even starch. Timbs, John (1855). Curiosities of London: Exhibiting the Most Rare and Remarkable Objects of Interest in the Metropolis. D. Bogue. p. 264. The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Vol.II: The Indian Empire, Historical. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1908. p.455.
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Monopolies were a sign of royal favor and granted to those Elizabeth wanted to keep indebted to her. Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex did in fact have the 'farm of sweet wines' which were granted to him in succession (1589)from his step-father, Elizabeth's earlier great favorite Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. It was not renewed in October 1600(?), at a time when Essex could least afford it and as a punishment for his conduct in Ireland. By the Treaty of Paris, France regained the five establishments captured by the British during the war ( Pondichéry, Mahe, Karaikal, Yanam and Chandernagar) but was prevented from erecting fortifications and keeping troops in Bengal (art. XI). Elsewhere in India, the French were to remain a military threat, particularly during the War of American Independence, and up to the capture of Pondichéry in 1793 at the outset of the French Revolutionary Wars without any military presence. Although these small outposts remained French possessions for the next two hundred years, French ambitions on Indian territories were effectively laid to rest, thus eliminating a major source of economic competition for the company. [ citation needed] Azure, three ships with three masts, rigged and under full sail, the sails, pennants and ensigns Argent, each charged with a cross Gules; on a chief of the second a pale quarterly Azure and Gules, on the 1st and 4th a fleur-de-lis or, on the 2nd and 3rd a leopard or, between two roses Gules seeded Or barbed Vert." The shield had as a crest: "A sphere without a frame, bounded with the Zodiac in bend Or, between two pennants flottant Argent, each charged with a cross Gules, over the sphere the words " Deus indicat" ( Latin: God Indicates). The supporters were two sea lions (lions with fishes' tails) and the motto was Deo ducente nil nocet (Latin: Where God Leads, Nothing Harms). [97] The East India College was founded in 1806 as a training establishment for "writers" (i.e. clerks) in the company's service. It was initially located in Hertford Castle, but moved in 1809 to purpose-built premises at Hertford Heath, Hertfordshire. In 1858 the college closed; but in 1862 the buildings reopened as a public school, now Haileybury and Imperial Service College. [90] [91]
Parliament concerns - Elizabethan government - WJEC - BBC Parliament concerns - Elizabethan government - WJEC - BBC
The East India Company – a corporate route to Europe" on BBC Radio 4's In Our Time featuring Huw Bowen, Linda Colley and Maria Misra The tension was so high between the Dutch and the British East Indies Trading Companies that it escalated into at least four Anglo-Dutch Wars: [44] 1652–1654, 1665–1667, 1672–1674 and 1780–1784. The Seven Years' War in the Philippines". Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth. Archived from the original on 10 July 2004 . Retrieved 4 September 2013.
28 September 1599 – Robert Devereux upsets Elizabeth I
In 1613, during the rule of Tokugawa Hidetada of the Tokugawa shogunate, the British ship Clove, under the command of Captain John Saris, was the first British ship to call on Japan. Saris was the chief factor of the EIC's trading post in Java, and with the assistance of William Adams, a British sailor who had arrived in Japan in 1600, he was able to gain permission from the ruler to establish a commercial house in Hirado on the Japanese island of Kyushu: Books associated with Trading Places – the East India Company and Asia 1600–1834, an Exhibition". Archived from the original on 30 March 2014.
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